Optional courses 选修课 Bioinformatics and Biological Modelling ：生物信息学和生物建模 Environmental Modelling and Integrated Assessment ：环境建模和综合评估 Scientific and Industrial Modelling ：科学和工业建模 Probability Theory with Applications ：概率论及其应用 Analysis 1: Metric spaces and Applications ：分析1: 度量空间和应用 Scientific Computing ：科学计算 Matrix Computations ：矩阵计算 Number Theory and Cryptography ：数论与密码学 Stochastic Analysis with Financial Applications ：随机分析与金融应用 Fractal Geometry Chaotic Dynamics ：分形几何混沌动力学 Algebra 1: Groups, Rings and Advanced Linear Algebra ：代数1: 群、环和高级线性代数 Numerical Optimisation ：数值优化 Differential Geometry ：微分几何 Topics in Bioinformatics ：生物信息学主题 Special Topic in Mathematical Sciences ：数学科学专题 Topics in Mathematical Physics ：数学物理主题 Analysis 2: Topology, Lebesgue Integration and Hilbert Spaces ：分析2: 拓扑、勒贝格积分和希尔伯特空间 Complex Analysis ：复杂分析 Analysis 3: Functional Analysis, Spectral theory and Applications ：分析3: 泛函分析、谱理论与应用 Algebra 2: Field extensions and Galois Theory ：代数2: 场扩展和伽罗瓦理论 Algebra 3: Advanced Topics in Algebra ：代数3: 代数中的高级主题 Introduction to Mathematical Thinking: Problem Solving and Proofs ：数学思维导论: 问题解决与证明 Ordinary Differential Equations and Advanced Vector Calculus ：常微分方程和高级向量演算 Partial Differential Equations, Fourier Analysis and Complex Analysis ：偏微分方程、傅里叶分析和复分析 Mathematics Reading Course (6-24 units, which may be completed more than once under different topics)：数学阅读课程 (6-24个单元，在不同主题下可能会完成一次以上) Topics in Computational Mathematics ：计算数学主题 Theory of Partial Differential Equations ：偏微分方程理论 Algebraic Topology ：代数拓扑 Foundations of Mathematics ：数学基础